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Sad chord progressions explained with examples in real keys. Learn why minor chords, the vi, borrowed chords and descending bass lines pull at emotions.

What is a chord progression? A plain-English guide to how chords move, Roman numerals, why progressions create emotion, and how to write your own.

Power chords explained: what the two-note “5” chord is, why it’s neither major nor minor, how to play it on guitar and how to…

Chord inversions explained for songwriters: what root position, first and second inversion mean, how slash chords work, and why inversions matter.

The pentatonic scale explained: what the five notes are, how major and minor pentatonic differ, why it sounds so good and how to use…

The Dorian mode is a minor scale with a bright raised sixth. Learn how to build it, what it sounds like, and how to…

Music modes explained simply: the seven modes from Ionian to Locrian, how they relate to the major scale, their moods and how to use…

Key signatures explained simply: what the sharps and flats at the start of a staff mean, the order they appear, and how to name…

Note values explained in plain English: whole, half, quarter, eighth and sixteenth notes, dotted notes, rests and how they fit a bar of 4/4.